I6.1 Identity, Authentication, and Authorization
Learn how defenders distinguish fictional identities, accounts, credentials, authentication, authorization, permissions, roles, sessions, and access decisions without overstating what any single sign-in or policy event proves.
Lesson Progress
Identity, Authentication, and Authorization
High School Intermediate • I6: Identity and Access Management • Lesson 1 of 8
Readiness Check
Before You Start
0/5 ready
Professional Hook
Signing In Successfully Does Not Mean an Account May Do Everything
Authentication answers whether the fictional evidence is sufficient to establish an account or session under the current policy. Authorization answers whether that account or session may perform a specific action on a specific resource. A user can authenticate successfully and still be correctly denied administrative access.
Weak response
“The sign-in succeeded, so the account should be allowed to open every page.”
Strong response
“Confirm the authenticated session, then review the exact resource, action, role, permission, policy, owner, duration, and business need.”
Objective 1
Explain the difference between identity, account, credential, authentication, authorization, permission, role, session, and access decision.
Objective 2
Interpret fictional sign-in and access evidence without assuming that a successful sign-in proves the physical person, safe intent, or approved later activity.
Objective 3
Evaluate fictional access decisions using user, account, device, application, resource, role, policy, session, business purpose, owner, time, and location context.
Objective 4
Distinguish authentication failures, authorization denials, session problems, account-state issues, policy enforcement, and evidence gaps.
Objective 5
Create a professional fictional Identity Access Decision Record with confirmed facts, confidence, limitations, owner, validation, and residual risk.
Why This Matters
Identity Decisions Connect Technical Evidence with Business Accountability
Access can come from direct permissions, groups, roles, attributes, application-local settings, resource sharing, temporary elevation, or emergency access. Defenders must understand both the technical path and the approved business purpose before deciding whether the access is correct.
Identity Model
Six Layers from Identity to Access Decision
Identity
Meaning
The fictional person, service, device, or application the organization intends to recognize.
Fictional example
Student researcher, teacher, finance clerk, reporting service, managed laptop, or learning application.
Limitation
An identity is a business or logical concept. Systems usually act on accounts and sessions, not a person’s name alone.
Account
Meaning
The technical record representing the fictional identity in a directory, application, device, or service.
Fictional example
training-user-31, svc-report-training, device-laptop-31, or app-learning-portal.
Limitation
One identity may have several accounts, and one shared account can incorrectly represent several people.
Authentication
Meaning
The system checks whether the presented fictional evidence satisfies the required assurance for the account or session.
Fictional example
Password plus MFA from a managed device under an approved conditional-access policy.
Limitation
Successful authentication proves only that the required evidence was accepted, not who is physically present or whether later actions are approved.
Authorization
Meaning
The system checks whether the authenticated account or session may access the requested fictional resource or action.
Fictional example
A teacher account may view class reports but may not manage finance settings.
Limitation
Authorization can be wrong if roles, groups, resource ownership, inherited permissions, or policy conditions are stale or too broad.
Session
Meaning
The authenticated context used for later fictional actions until expiration, revocation, reauthentication, or policy change.
Fictional example
A session begins after MFA and remains active for the approved learning application.
Limitation
A previously valid session can become risky if device state, account status, role, location, or policy changes.
Access decision
Meaning
The final allow, deny, challenge, limit, or step-up result for the fictional request.
Fictional example
Allow report viewing, deny user administration, or require fresh MFA before exporting sensitive data.
Limitation
The decision reflects the available policy and evidence at that moment, not permanent safety or intent.
Evidence Matrix
What Identity and Access Evidence Can and Cannot Prove
Evidence source
Identity-provider sign-in record
Can support
The fictional account, application, device, source, authentication method, result, reason, policy, session, and time recorded by the identity platform.
Limitation
Does not automatically prove the physical person, safe intent, or approved actions after sign-in.
Evidence source
Directory account record
Can support
Account state, identifier, owner, department, groups, roles, creation, expiration, disablement, and manager relationship.
Limitation
Directory data can be stale, incomplete, duplicated, or different from application-local permissions.
Evidence source
Application authorization event
Can support
Which fictional account or session requested which resource or action and whether the application allowed or denied it.
Limitation
The application event may not explain all inherited roles, external policy, or business approval.
Evidence source
Device and endpoint record
Can support
Managed state, device identity, compliance, user association, authentication event, browser, session, and security posture.
Limitation
A managed device does not prove that the expected person is using it at that moment.
Evidence source
Role and group membership
Can support
Direct or inherited fictional access through groups, roles, nested membership, temporary assignment, or application mapping.
Limitation
Membership alone does not prove current business need, correct scope, or active owner approval.
Evidence source
Access request and approval
Can support
Requester, owner, purpose, requested permissions, duration, approver, conditions, and expected outcome.
Limitation
The approved request may differ from the implemented technical access.
Evidence source
Session and token record
Can support
Session ID, issue time, expiration, authentication assurance, application, device, and revocation state.
Limitation
A valid session does not prove every later action is authorized or intended.
Evidence source
Owner and business context
Can support
The fictional job function, service purpose, application role, resource sensitivity, expected workflow, and accountable owner.
Limitation
Human descriptions may be incomplete or not match the current technical state.
Authentication vs Authorization
Six Scenarios That Separate Sign-In from Permission
Correct password, wrong resource permission
Authentication
The fictional account successfully satisfies the sign-in policy.
Authorization
The application denies access because the account lacks the required report-administrator permission.
Conclusion
Authentication succeeds; authorization fails.
Valid role, failed MFA
Authentication
The fictional account has the correct role but does not complete the required MFA challenge.
Authorization
The resource permission exists, but no trusted session is established.
Conclusion
Authorization would allow the role, but authentication is incomplete.
Expired account with remembered session
Authentication
A browser presents an older fictional session associated with the account.
Authorization
The identity platform denies continued access because the account is expired or disabled.
Conclusion
Prior authentication does not override current account state.
Authenticated user requests an administrative action
Authentication
The user signs in successfully with the required factors.
Authorization
The application allows normal viewing but denies role-management because the account lacks privileged authorization.
Conclusion
A successful sign-in does not grant every action.
Service account with correct permission but wrong source
Authentication
The fictional service identity presents valid service credentials.
Authorization
Policy denies the request because the service is connecting from an unapproved workload or environment.
Conclusion
Authorization can depend on context in addition to the account’s permissions.
Temporary role after expiration
Authentication
The fictional user authenticates successfully.
Authorization
The temporary role is no longer active, so the protected action is denied.
Conclusion
Authentication remains valid while authorization changes with role lifecycle.
Access Decision Inputs
Eight Inputs That Shape an Access Decision
Identity and account
Which fictional person, service, device, or application does the account represent, and who owns it?
Risk
Shared, duplicate, orphaned, stale, or incorrectly mapped accounts weaken accountability.
Authentication assurance
Which factor, MFA, device, session, certificate, token, or policy evidence was accepted?
Risk
A successful result may use weaker assurance than the requested resource requires.
Account state
Is the fictional account active, disabled, locked, expired, suspended, temporary, or pending review?
Risk
A remembered session or cached permission can conflict with the current lifecycle state.
Role, group, and permission
Which direct, inherited, nested, temporary, or application-local access grants the requested action?
Risk
Nested membership or stale roles can create excessive or hidden access.
Resource and action
What exact fictional file, report, application, setting, database, group, or administrative action is requested?
Risk
Broad resource names can hide differences between view, edit, export, approve, and administer.
Device and environment
Is the fictional device managed, compliant, recognized, shared, remote, or located in an approved environment?
Risk
Device context can be stale or misattributed.
Session and time
When was the fictional session created, when does it expire, and does the action require fresh authentication?
Risk
Long-lived sessions can outlast changes in role, account state, or device trust.
Business purpose and owner
Does the requested access match the fictional user’s job or service purpose, owner approval, duration, and sensitivity?
Risk
Technically allowed access can still be inappropriate or unnecessary.
Access Outcomes
Understand What Each Decision Does and Does Not Prove
Allow
Direct meaning
The fictional request satisfied the current authentication, authorization, account-state, session, and policy requirements.
Does not prove
The physical person, intent, business approval, or safety of every later action.
Validation
Confirm the correct account, role, resource, action, owner, and expected workflow.
Deny
Direct meaning
The fictional request failed one or more current policy or permission conditions.
Does not prove
That the request was malicious or that the account should be disabled.
Validation
Identify whether the cause is authentication, authorization, account state, device, session, resource, or policy.
Challenge
Direct meaning
The fictional system requires more authentication evidence before continuing.
Does not prove
That the user is suspicious or that the earlier sign-in was invalid.
Validation
Review resource sensitivity, session age, device state, location, and required assurance.
Restrict
Direct meaning
The fictional system permits limited access while denying a more sensitive action.
Does not prove
That all lower-risk actions are harmless or correctly approved.
Validation
Confirm exactly which permissions, data, exports, settings, and administrative capabilities remain available.
Expire or revoke
Direct meaning
The fictional session, token, temporary role, or account is no longer accepted.
Does not prove
That every application immediately removed cached access.
Validation
Verify identity-provider, application, device, and session state across the relevant systems.
Step-up
Direct meaning
The fictional system requires stronger authentication or fresh approval for a sensitive action.
Does not prove
That the current session is malicious.
Validation
Confirm the step-up condition, resource sensitivity, successful challenge, session update, and later action.
Core Concept
Ask Three Separate Questions
Who or what is represented?
Identify the fictional identity, account, owner, device, application, service, and current lifecycle state.
How was the session established?
Review credentials, factors, MFA, device, policy, source, account state, session ID, issue time, and assurance.
What exact action is allowed?
Trace roles, groups, direct permissions, attributes, resource rules, temporary access, and business approval.
Authentication Evidence
Eight Evidence Categories and Their Limits
Knowledge evidence
A fictional password or recovery response presented by the account.
Supports
The system accepted the supplied secret under the configured policy.
Limitation
A secret can be shared, reused, exposed, entered on the wrong device, or used by someone other than the intended person.
Possession evidence
A fictional security key, authenticator application, certificate, registered device, or one-time approval.
Supports
The account or session had access to the registered possession factor.
Limitation
Possession does not automatically prove the expected person is using the factor or that the request is legitimate.
Inherence evidence
A fictional biometric result recorded by an approved device.
Supports
The device accepted its configured local verification process.
Limitation
Identity systems may receive only the result, not the underlying biometric evidence, and device trust still matters.
Device evidence
A fictional managed-device ID, compliance state, certificate, platform, browser, or endpoint-health result.
Supports
The request is associated with the recorded device context.
Limitation
A trusted device can be shared, left unlocked, misattributed, or used through a valid existing session.
Location and network evidence
A fictional source region, network zone, connection method, or approved environment.
Supports
The sign-in originated from the recorded network or location context.
Limitation
Network translation, shared gateways, mobile networks, and remote services can make location approximate.
Behavior and risk evidence
A fictional identity platform compares timing, device familiarity, sign-in pattern, application, and prior activity.
Supports
The system observed a pattern that matched or differed from its current baseline.
Limitation
Risk scores are tool interpretations and can be affected by incomplete history, shared behavior, travel, or new workflows.
Administrative approval
A fictional owner or administrator approves temporary access, role activation, recovery, or step-up.
Supports
The documented approval exists for the stated purpose, scope, and time.
Limitation
Approval does not prove the technical access exactly matches the request or that the approver had complete context.
Service-to-service evidence
A fictional workload uses a certificate, managed identity, signed token, or approved platform relationship.
Supports
The service request satisfied the configured non-human authentication process.
Limitation
The service identity can still have excessive permissions, stale ownership, weak rotation, or an unexpected source workload.
Authorization Paths
Eight Ways Access Can Be Granted
Direct permission
training-user-31 receives fictional report-edit permission directly.
Advantage
The exact technical grant can be identified easily.
Governance risk
Direct grants can accumulate outside standard role review and become difficult to govern.
Group membership
training-user-31 joins the report-reviewers group, which grants view access.
Advantage
Many accounts can receive consistent access through one governed membership.
Governance risk
Nested groups, stale memberships, or broad group purpose can hide excessive access.
Role assignment
A fictional teacher role grants class-report viewing and comment permissions.
Advantage
Access aligns with a defined job or service function.
Governance risk
Role design can become too broad, and users may retain old roles after changing responsibilities.
Attribute-based decision
A fictional policy allows report viewing when department, device state, resource sensitivity, and time conditions match.
Advantage
The decision can reflect several context attributes.
Governance risk
Incorrect or stale attributes can deny valid access or allow inappropriate access.
Resource ownership
A fictional document owner shares one report with one reviewer for seven days.
Advantage
The resource owner can approve a narrow business collaboration.
Governance risk
Owner-managed sharing can become inconsistent or remain active after the need ends.
Temporary elevation
A fictional administrator activates a privileged role for thirty minutes after approval and fresh MFA.
Advantage
Standing privilege is reduced while required work remains possible.
Governance risk
Weak expiration, approval, session revocation, or monitoring can extend the elevated access.
Application-local permission
The fictional learning application stores an editor permission separate from the central directory.
Advantage
The application can represent detailed resource-specific actions.
Governance risk
Central access reviews may miss local permissions and application-specific owners.
Emergency access
A fictional break-glass account is used only during an approved service emergency.
Advantage
Critical recovery can continue if normal identity services are unavailable.
Governance risk
Emergency identities require strict storage, monitoring, testing, owner review, and post-use investigation.
Session States
Eight Session States That Affect Later Access
New session
The fictional account has just completed the required authentication process.
Review
Confirm factors, device, application, policy, account state, source, session ID, issue time, and expected purpose.
Remembered session
The fictional browser or application reuses an earlier trusted session.
Review
Check session age, device ownership, account changes, current policy, resource sensitivity, and whether fresh authentication is required.
Step-up session
The fictional user completes stronger or fresh authentication before a sensitive action.
Review
Confirm the challenge was linked to the correct session, resource, action, device, and time.
Restricted session
The fictional account may use limited features but cannot perform sensitive actions.
Review
Identify which actions remain available, why restrictions apply, and whether the user receives clear guidance.
Expired session
The fictional session has passed its approved lifetime.
Review
Confirm later requests require authentication again and no application continues using stale cached access.
Revoked session
The fictional session is invalidated because of account disablement, role change, risk response, user request, or policy action.
Review
Verify revocation across identity, application, device, browser, and other active-session systems.
Orphaned session
A fictional application session remains active even though the central account, role, or employment state changed.
Review
Treat the mismatch as a lifecycle and authorization gap requiring owner review and controlled revocation.
Service session
A fictional application or workload uses a non-human identity for repeated automated actions.
Review
Confirm workload source, owner, credential or managed-identity state, permission scope, rotation, logging, and expiration.
Failure Interpretation
Eight Signals That Require Different Evidence
Incorrect credential
Direct meaning
The fictional authentication system rejected the presented secret or proof.
Possible causes
Mistyped input, stale saved credential, password change, expired credential, wrong account, or unauthorized use.
Next evidence
Account state, application, device, source, failure reason, reset history, support record, and later success.
MFA denied or not completed
Direct meaning
The required fictional possession or step-up factor did not produce an accepted result.
Possible causes
User rejection, timeout, unavailable device, wrong session, unexpected request, policy error, or unauthorized attempt.
Next evidence
Session ID, device, application, factor, reason, user report, account activity, and related sign-ins.
Account locked
Direct meaning
The fictional account reached a configured lockout or protection condition.
Possible causes
Repeated mistakes, stale applications, automated retries, shared account use, or unauthorized attempts.
Next evidence
Failure count, source devices, applications, reset activity, owner, timing, and successful recovery.
Authorization denied
Direct meaning
The fictional session authenticated, but the requested resource or action was not permitted.
Possible causes
Missing role, expired temporary access, wrong resource, policy condition, stale group mapping, or intentional least privilege.
Next evidence
Role, group, direct permission, resource rule, owner approval, application event, and change history.
Conditional-access block
Direct meaning
A fictional contextual policy denied or restricted access.
Possible causes
Unmanaged device, unsupported application, wrong environment, insufficient assurance, risky session, or policy misconfiguration.
Next evidence
Policy version, device state, application, account, source, exception, owner, and test results.
Session expired
Direct meaning
The fictional session exceeded its approved lifetime or required fresh authentication.
Possible causes
Normal timeout, resource sensitivity, policy change, administrative revocation, or browser-state mismatch.
Next evidence
Issue time, expiration, last use, resource, account state, policy, and later reauthentication.
Account disabled or expired
Direct meaning
The fictional identity record is no longer active for normal access.
Possible causes
Lifecycle completion, temporary-access expiration, risk response, administrative mistake, or delayed reactivation.
Next evidence
Owner, lifecycle ticket, effective time, application sessions, group state, approval, and validation.
Application error shown as access failure
Direct meaning
The fictional user cannot complete the action, but the cause may be an application or dependency failure rather than identity policy.
Possible causes
Application outage, broken role mapping, unavailable directory, session corruption, or backend error.
Next evidence
Application logs, request ID, service health, identity decision, resource state, and owner validation.
Trust Boundaries
Six Places Where Identity Evidence Changes Hands
User to device
What evidence connects the fictional person or service to the device and account?
Caution
A device login or unlocked session does not permanently prove who is present.
Device to identity provider
What fictional device, certificate, browser, application, network, and compliance evidence reaches the identity platform?
Caution
Device evidence can be missing, stale, shared, or different from the resource’s actual risk needs.
Identity provider to application
Which fictional claims, session details, roles, assurance, and account state are sent to the application?
Caution
The application may map claims incorrectly or continue using older session data.
Application to resource
Which fictional role, permission, ownership, resource rule, and action determine access?
Caution
Application authorization may differ from central directory membership.
Service to service
Which fictional workload identity, token audience, source environment, permission, and owner authorize the request?
Caution
A valid service identity can be used from the wrong workload or with excessive permission.
Administrator to privileged action
Which fictional approval, fresh authentication, temporary role, device, logging, and session controls apply?
Caution
Standing privilege and unmonitored elevation reduce accountability.
Defensive Workflow
Review an Access Decision in Six Steps
Identify the subject
Determine which fictional identity, account, service, device, application, and owner are involved.
Identify the request
Record the exact fictional resource, action, application, environment, time, and business purpose.
Review authentication
Check factors, MFA, device, source, account state, session, policy result, and evidence limitations.
Review authorization
Trace roles, groups, direct permissions, inherited access, temporary access, resource rules, and ownership.
Classify the decision
Separate allow, deny, challenge, restrict, revoke, expected policy enforcement, error, and evidence-incomplete outcomes.
Validate and document
Confirm business need, correct implementation, user experience, monitoring, owner acceptance, and residual risk.
Access Timeline
Follow Temporary Access from Request to Expiration
09:00:00
Access request
Fictional teacher Jordan Lee requests seven-day view access to the Northstar attendance dashboard.
Provides identity, owner, purpose, requested resource, permission, and duration.
09:04:00
Resource owner
Attendance owner approves dashboard-view access only.
Defines the approved authorization scope.
09:10:00
Directory
training-jlee is added to attendance-viewers with an expiration date.
Shows the technical role path and lifecycle condition.
09:15:12
Identity provider
training-jlee signs in from managed-laptop-44 using password and approved MFA.
Supports successful authentication under the configured policy.
09:15:15
Session
Session session-4410 is issued for the attendance application.
Connects authentication with later application events.
09:15:20
Application
Dashboard-view request is allowed through attendance-viewers.
Matches the approved permission.
09:16:02
Application
User-management request is denied because no administrative role is present.
Shows successful authentication with correct least-privilege authorization denial.
Day 7 17:00
Directory
Temporary attendance-viewers membership expires.
The technical access should end at the approved time.
Day 7 17:02
Application
An older application session still displays the dashboard until refresh.
Reveals a session-revocation or claim-refresh gap.
Day 7 17:05
Identity provider
The session is revoked and the application requires a new access decision.
Restores alignment with current role state.
Day 7 17:06
Application
Dashboard access is denied after session refresh.
Validates expiration and authorization correction.
Day 8 09:00
Owner review
Owner confirms access ended and the report documents the short session-lag residual risk.
Completes business validation and evidence-based closure.
Key Vocabulary
Identity and Access Terms
Identity
The fictional person, service, device, application, or workload that an account is intended to represent.
Account
A technical record used by a fictional system to represent an identity and store identifiers, state, roles, groups, permissions, and policy relationships.
Identifier
A value such as a fictional username, email address, account ID, device ID, or service name used to distinguish one account or identity from another.
Credential
A secret, key, certificate, token, or other proof presented during authentication. Credentials must never be requested or exposed in this lesson.
Authentication
The process of evaluating evidence that an account or session should be treated as the claimed fictional identity.
Authorization
The process of deciding whether an authenticated fictional account or session may perform a requested action on a resource.
Permission
A specific allowed action such as read, edit, approve, administer, or export within a fictional system.
Role
A named collection of fictional permissions associated with a job function, service function, or responsibility.
Session
A time-limited authenticated context that allows a fictional user, service, device, or application to continue interacting without reauthenticating for every action.
Access decision
The final allow, deny, challenge, restrict, or step-up result produced by policy, account state, authentication, authorization, and context.
Claim
A fictional statement about an identity or session, such as role, department, device state, assurance level, or authentication method.
Trust boundary
A point where a fictional system decides whether evidence from a user, device, application, network, or service can be relied upon for a specific purpose.
Fake Dashboard
Fake Identity and Access Decision Dashboard
Training dashboard for the fictional Northstar Learning Services identity environment.
Successful sign-ins
42
Successful authentication does not automatically confirm physical identity or authorize every later action.
Authorization denials
9
Six correct least-privilege denials, one expired temporary role, one stale application mapping, and one incomplete review.
Session reviews
5
Two normal expirations, one step-up, one revocation, and one temporary-access session-refresh gap.
Fake SOC Alert
Temporary Role Expires but an Application Session Remains Active
Source: Fake Identity and Access Review Console • Time: 05:02 PM
Fake Log Panel
Fake Authentication and Authorization Timeline
09:00:00 ACCESS_REQUEST user='training-jlee' resource='attendance-dashboard' permission='view' duration='7d' 09:04:00 OWNER_APPROVAL scope='dashboard_view_only' approved='true' 09:10:00 DIRECTORY group='attendance-viewers' user='training-jlee' expires='day7_17:00' 09:15:12 AUTH user='training-jlee' device='managed-laptop-44' password='accepted' mfa='approved' 09:15:15 SESSION id='session-4410' application='attendance-app' issued='true' 09:15:20 AUTHZ action='view_dashboard' result='allow' role='attendance-viewers' 09:16:02 AUTHZ action='manage_users' result='deny' reason='missing_admin_role' DAY7 17:00 DIRECTORY membership='expired' DAY7 17:02 APPLICATION old_session='still_displaying_dashboard' DAY7 17:05 SESSION id='session-4410' action='revoked' DAY7 17:06 AUTHZ action='view_dashboard' result='deny' DAY8 09:00 REVIEW classification='session_refresh_gap' residual_risk='documented'
Training note: this is fake data for defensive analysis practice only.
Analyze the Evidence
Which Identity and Access Conclusion Is Best Supported?
Which conclusion is strongest?
Common Mistakes
Mistakes That Weaken Identity and Access Analysis
Safe Practice Lab
Review a Fictional Access Decision Packet
Fictional Environment
Meadowbrook Identity Decision Review
Review twenty-four supplied fictional records involving two users, one service identity, three applications, two managed devices, sign-ins, MFA, sessions, roles, groups, permissions, one temporary access request, one stale application session, and one authorization denial.
Required Analysis
- Identify each fictional identity, account, device, application, resource, owner, and session.
- Separate authentication evidence from authorization evidence.
- Trace direct, group, role, attribute, temporary, and application-local access.
- Classify allow, deny, challenge, restriction, expiration, revocation, and evidence gaps.
- State confirmed facts, reasonable conclusions, alternatives, limitations, confidence, and business impact.
- Recommend narrow owner-approved corrections with rollback and validation.
- Document monitoring, lifecycle follow-up, residual risk, and closure criteria.
Scenario Decision Lab
A User Authenticates Successfully but an Administrative Page Is Denied
A fictional teacher signs in using the required password and MFA. The learning application allows class-report viewing but denies user administration.
Scenario Decision Lab
Temporary Access Expires but a Remembered Session Still Works
A fictional temporary role expires at 5:00 PM, but one application continues displaying the resource through an older session until refresh.
Defender Habits
Identity, Authentication, and Authorization Checklist
Check Your Understanding
I6.1 Mini Quiz: Identity, Authentication, and Authorization
Choose your answers first. Explanations appear only after submission.
1. What is authentication?
2. What is authorization?
3. What does a successful sign-in directly support?
4. A user signs in successfully but cannot open an administrative page. What is the strongest initial interpretation?
5. Why can a remembered session create risk after temporary access expires?
6. Which evidence best supports an access decision review?
7. What is the strongest response to a fictional authorization denial?
Portfolio Prompt
Portfolio Prompt
Create a fictional Identity Access Decision Record containing at least twenty-five account, sign-in, MFA, device, session, role, group, permission, application, resource, approval, owner, lifecycle, and validation records. Include identity-to-account mapping, authentication evidence, authorization path, session state, access outcome, confirmed facts, limitations, alternatives, confidence, business impact, owner, narrow recommendation, rollback, technical validation, business validation, monitoring, residual risk, and closure criteria.
Key Takeaways
What You Should Remember
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